ESG Reporting Standards and Frameworks Explained and Compared

The landscape of corporate accountability is changing rapidly, driven by a growing emphasis on sustainability and social responsibility. ESG reporting has emerged as a vital instrument, helping large enterprises articulate their impact on society and the planet. But with multiple frameworks at play, from benchmark to regulatory, selecting the right approach can be a strategic challenge. This article aims to demystify the maze of ESG reporting frameworks, providing you with actionable insights to align with your business goals and stakeholder expectations.

The growing importance of ESG reporting

The world is waking up to the reality of our global challenges. ESG reporting has transitioned from a "nice-to-have" to an imperative. Regulatory bodies are ramping up requirements, and investors increasingly scrutinize ESG performance before making commitments. And here's why this shift is more than a mere trend—it's a fundamental change that's affecting businesses across every metric that matters.

• Investor attraction: According to a report by Ernst & Young, 98% of investors evaluate companies' ESG disclosures during the decision-making process. Furthermore, sustainable investments grew to $35.3 trillion in 2020, a 15% increase from 2018 Global Sustainable Investment Review.
• Customer loyalty and brand equity: Millennials and Gen Zs are willing to put their money where their values are. A 2020 survey by Nielsen showed that 75% of consumers are more likely to buy from a company that is socially and environmentally responsible. Research also indicates that companies with high ESG scores tend to have a better market reputation.
• Regulatory preparedness and pressure: With the European Union leading the change by implementing the Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR), ESG compliance is increasingly becoming the law. Companies that are ahead in their ESG reporting are not only better prepared to meet these requirements but are also insulated from potential penalties and reputational damage.

Real-world examples of ESG impact on businesses and investors

• Unilever: Their Sustainable Living Plan didn't just win accolades; it drove a 300% increase in their stock price over a decade.
• Adobe: Adobe’s commitment to ESG goals isn’t merely lip service. In 2020, their ESG initiatives attracted a 23% increase in institutional investments, outpacing the industry average by 7%. Their focus on reducing carbon footprint, championing social equity, and maintaining strong governance metrics has proven to be more than just ethically right—it's a robust business strategy.

Summary of the types of ESG reporting frameworks

The landscape of ESG reporting is not one-size-fits-all. Different types of frameworks serve distinct purposes, and selecting the right one can be pivotal for your business. Let's explore the three primary categories: benchmark, voluntary, and regulatory.

Benchmark ESG reporting frameworks

Benchmark frameworks set industry standards, allowing you to compare your ESG metrics against sectoral or global benchmarks.

Key Benefit: Comparative insight for both internal improvement and external competitiveness.

Popular Examples:

• Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)
• Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI)
• Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD)
• Global Real Estate Sustainability Benchmark (GRESB)

Voluntary ESG reporting frameworks

Voluntary frameworks offer a degree of flexibility, tailored to align with the unique needs and goals of your organization.

Key Benefit: Flexibility and adaptability to specific corporate objectives.

Popular Examples:

• Integrated Reporting (IR)
• Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB)
• Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP)

Regulatory ESG reporting frameworks

These frameworks emerge from legislation and are mandatory to comply with within certain jurisdictions. As governments ramp up their focus on sustainability, these are becoming increasingly important.

Key Benefit: Ensures legal compliance, minimizing the risk of penalties and sanctions.

Popular Examples:

• EU’s Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD)
• U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) new ESG disclosure rules
• Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR)
• National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (NGER)

Understanding the differences between these types will enable you to make an educated selection.

Selecting the right ESG reporting framework for your business

The choice of framework should align with your corporate strategy, stakeholder expectations, and the regulatory environment you operate in.

• Industry-specific needs: if your business is in a high-impact sector like energy or manufacturing, you may want to opt for frameworks that cater to these nuances, such as CDP.
• Geographical factors: regulatory frameworks vary by region. European companies, for instance, will need to comply with SFDR or the upcoming CSRD.
• Stakeholder alignment: if investor communication is a priority, frameworks like SASB, which are designed to be financially material, might be more appropriate.

Choosing the right framework  is crucial for effective reporting and strategy alignment. To make this decision easier for you, we've compiled a comprehensive table that breaks down key attributes of some of the most widely used frameworks. Here, you'll find insights on each framework's focus area, suitability for different types of businesses, whether it's regulatory or voluntary, as well as their strengths and limitations.

We'll explore a summary of examples of these frameworks, to help you make the most informed decision for your enterprise.

Benchmark ESG reporting frameworks

Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP)
CDP is a global framework that companies use to disclose their environmental impact, including carbon emissions, water usage, and deforestation. By following this framework, you're not just complying; you're setting a benchmark against which stakeholders can measure your performance. Companies like Microsoft and Walmart have adopted CDP, offering transparency and accountability that appeals to a broad range of investors.

Global Real Estate Sustainability Benchmark (GRESB)
GRESB assesses the sustainability performance of real assets, providing standardized and validated data to the capital markets. It's a particularly valuable tool for investors and asset managers who are looking to invest in sustainable real estate. So, why is it relevant for you? Because adopting GRESB can make your assets more attractive to an increasingly eco-conscious investment community.

Voluntary ESG reporting frameworks

Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)
The GRI standards offer a flexible reporting system that covers a range of ESG metrics, from energy consumption to labor practices. What sets GRI apart is its focus on stakeholder inclusiveness and materiality. Essentially, you get to report what matters most to your business and your stakeholders, rather than adhering to a one-size-fits-all model.

Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD)
TCFD's primary focus is on climate risks and how they can affect financial statements. It encourages companies to evaluate and report both current and potential future climate risks, including extreme weather events and regulatory changes. For organizations particularly concerned with climate impacts, TCFD provides a framework that aligns with these specific risks.

Regulatory ESG reporting frameworks

Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR)
Coming out of the European Union, SFDR aims to standardize ESG metrics and facilitate transparency. It's a game-changer for firms operating in the EU, as it makes ESG disclosures mandatory, not optional. Compliance with SFDR isn't just about avoiding penalties; it's about leveling the playing field and creating a more sustainable global economy.

National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (NGER)
NGER is Australia's national framework for reporting emissions and energy data. Its robust reporting requirements make it a standout, ensuring that both the government and the market have the information they need to assess corporate environmental impact.

Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD)
As an upcoming regulation in the EU, the CSRD aims to extend ESG reporting to all large companies and SMEs listed on EU exchanges. Once in effect, CSRD will have a ripple effect far beyond the EU, setting a precedent that could spur similar regulations globally.

The challenges of ESG reporting

The path to robust ESG reporting is fraught with obstacles that can disrupt even the most well-intentioned sustainability strategies. Here, we dissect the pain points and offer remedies to smooth out the wrinkles.

Data collection
The first major stumbling block is data collection. Compiling accurate and comprehensive data across various ESG metrics is not just tedious; it's a potential minefield of inaccuracies. Many companies find themselves mired in spreadsheets, grappling with inconsistent data sources and unclear metrics. The time and human resources required to manage this can be overwhelming, diverting valuable attention from core business operations.

Scoring Methodologies
Once you have the data, the next challenge is interpretation. Different frameworks employ different criteria and methodologies for scoring. This inconsistency can lead to skewed results, complicating matters when you're trying to provide a transparent view to stakeholders. A high score in one framework might translate to a mediocre rating in another, confusing both internal and external audiences.

Compliance
And then there's the ever-shifting landscape of regulation. Keeping up-to-date with evolving compliance requirements is akin to hitting a moving target. Regulatory changes often necessitate significant adjustments to reporting mechanisms and may even require a revamp of your data collection systems. The stakes are high: failure to comply can result in not only financial penalties but also reputational damage.

The solutions of ESG reporting

Navigating the labyrinth of ESG reporting challenges may seem daunting, but Discloser offers a comprehensive suite of features designed to address each challenge effectively.

Centralized ESG data management: a collaborative approach
Data is the lifeblood of effective ESG reporting. Discloser doesn't just offer a digital storage unit; it provides a collaborative environment where your team can compile, examine, and manage all ESG metrics cohesively. Say goodbye to fragmented data and hello to unified, streamlined ESG reporting.

AI-driven report generation: fast and accurate disclosure
With Discloser, the challenging process of report drafting is simplified through the power of generative AI. This advanced AI-assisted technology transforms what used to be a time-consuming ordeal into a quick and precise operation. By leveraging Generative AI, Discloser not only accelerates the reporting process but also enhances its reliability and comprehensiveness.

Expedited regulatory compliance: adapt with ease
Regulatory landscapes shift. Discloser is designed to pivot effortlessly, aligning with dynamic ESG frameworks such as GRI and SASB. What you get is a tool that grows with you, empowering you to meet compliance demands swiftly and confidently.

Free trial

The opportunity to lead in the ESG space is ripe, but it requires robust, intelligent solutions. Discloser not only alleviates the headaches associated with ESG reporting but positions your business at the forefront of sustainability and compliance.‍
‍
‍Sign up for a free trial to discover how Discloser can redefine your ESG reporting strategy and enable seamless adaptation to this critical aspect of modern business.